The complexity comes when you try to find the percentage change between positive and negative or two negative numbers. I hope this article gives you a good guide on the topics. If you have any confusion, let me know in the comment box. Welcome to my Excel blog! It took me some time to be a fan of Excel.
But now I am a die-hard fan of MS Excel. I learn new ways of doing things with Excel and share them here. Stay tuned! Thanks, Kawser! You ABSolutely save me! Is there a list showing common formulas somewhere?
I takes so long to come up with them on my own. Can you please help me with counting the number of the total from opening and closing? For example My opening number is 6 My closing number is 12 Then the total number should be 7 including opening number rather than 6. We provide tips, how to guide and also provide Excel solutions to your business problems.
I earn a small commission if you buy any products using my affiliate links to Amazon. Contact Privacy Policy. The keyboard firmware will delay reading the key until the signal is stable enough. If the implemented delay is not long enough, you will get multiple inputs from a single key press, also known as key chatter.
Depending on the quality of the switch, the bouncing time will vary. The most popular Cherry MX switches have a bouncing time of up to 5ms. This means the software delay should at least be 5ms or higher. In reality however, the manufacturer will often add a longer software delay because the switches will corrode over time and require a longer debounce time.
A longer debounce time also helps them reduce the amount of defects. The Wooting one uses Flaretech optical switches, these have a bouncing time of 0. There are also other switch technologies with low bouncing times, but you better stay clear with anything that has a membrane computer board, like rubber dome keyboards. If you value input latency, stay clear of this. Just no. Your keyboard has a little chip inside called a microcomputer chip MCU.
It has the task to process every input into a keyboard firmware defined output. A faster MCU can handle more processes at the same time and make calculations faster. Then you also have to consider that if the MCU is loaded with a lot of processes at the same time, it will slow down every other process including input latency.
It requires a lot of processing power and will delay other processes. Just like when you play a game with extreme graphics while live-streaming, your CPU will get overloaded and significantly decrease your frames per second. The connection to the PC is another point of input lag. These two connections inherently work different. USB is a polling type of connection.
The CPU will check every x amount of ms for input, just like the keyboard scan rate. You can reread the keyboard scan rate section to further understand how USB polling works. It also applies to the connection to the PC. Welcome to the biggest variable ever. If you read the MCU processing time section, then this same theory applies to your computer operating system OS. When it receives the input it needs to process it to an output. This part entirely depends on the efficiency of the software code and how it handles input.
In general, the less your CPU is burdened, the faster the input can be processed. A developer can make a huge difference in input speed by writing optimized code and increase the input cycle. On modern monitors the display needs to process the frames sent from the computer, which is a big factor in the total input lag. Credits to Tyler for pointing this out. This indirectly adds to the latency and will influence your response.
You can find gaming monitors ranging from 60hz up to hz refresh rate. This means that the monitor is capable of refreshing the graphics from 60 up to frames per second fps. Though, your computer might not be able to reach fps in the majority of games. The most common monitors have 60hz refresh rate. In average, the input lag caused by a 60hz monitor will be 8. On a hz monitor, with the ability to run a game at frames per second, the input lag will average 2ms.
At Wooting we take input speed optimization very serious and are continuously pushing the limits but there are some limitations to what we can measure ourselves. We use an oscilloscope to measure the frequency of the keyboard scan rate. This device can measure electric signals that vary over time. This is also how we can measure the latency with high accuracy. We have a bit more modern oscilloscope you can connect to your PC.
The oscilloscope is connected to 1 of the 6 rows in the Wooting keyboard, when a scan happens it will trigger the electric signal. After the first row, it will scan through the 5 other rows and start back at 1 again. So to measure the scan rate, which is how fast the entire keyboard is scanned for input, we calculate the time in between two triggers on the oscilloscope.
This means that the keyboard scan rate is just under the 1ms 0. This however only takes the scan rate into account and not any of other mentioned influence factors. We are working together with several parties to get accurate and more in-depth input latency results. As a final note to input latency and their influence factors.
These tools will only be able to measure the latency on the PC itself and are not capable of testing input lag on your device. If you have more information, references or want to challenge some of the ideas mentioned, leave a comment behind or reach out to social wooting. Categories Keyboard Information Wooting Keyboard. The twitter post you linked says his measurements were 4. This is very helpful as knowing this will help in gaining knowledge about this important thing.
As the keyboard is one of the most important components of the computer this tips will be useful while using it and boost up its speed. Is there a way you can send me the specs comparison of the wooting keyboard to a k55 rgb keyboard from corsair. I was wondering if i should invest in this keyboard or not. What type of comparison are you looking for. Good to know I bought the right keyboard! Oct 27, 20, The Milky Way. Andromeda said:. I recommend reading some techy comments in that Reddit thread below on these matters.
DS4 is crazy good I believe they got input from various developers including Bungie when they were making it. I wonder if that's a reason why that was prioritied. I still find it unbelievable that wireless is faster. I wonder where the Pro switch controller would come. Oheao said:. Yeah, that's just mindblowing to me, like why even have that feature if it makes things worse?
Ste Banned. Jun 8, England. I can't seem to believe these results, why would wired be slower? I'd like more research done as it is interesting stuff. Ababol Member. Oct 25, DigitalTravis Member. Oct 28, So do Bluetooth adapters themselves have different performance?
Hey Please Avenger. Oct 31, 22, Not America. I had no idea that XB1's controller no longer use radio frequencies akin to X controller. And wow DS4 is fast. Kerozinn Banned. May 11, 1, DS4 is best current gen pad.
Kazuma Kiryu Member. Kerozinn said:. Jaded Alyx Member. Oct 25, 25, Pargon Member. Oct 27, 9, It looks like all testing of the DualShock 4 is using a v2 controller. Though you require a v2 controller for wired communication on the PlayStation 4 itself, the v1 controllers also support wired communication on PC.
I doubt that it tests any differently though; DS4Windows reports similar latency for either version of controller when connected wired vs wireless. Here's the source video for that graph, which has some additional information such as testing various software on PC for controller remapping to see if it affects latency: DS4Windows, Durzano, and xce add no measurable input delay.
Steam Input adds 1ms for all deveices except a wireless DS4 where it increases to 3ms. All of this is negligible. Seems like an interesting channel , similar to Battle non sense , but focused on a single game. Prelude Member. Oct 25, 1, Reaaaaally makes me wonder what's going on with fightsticks. Era of not Yakuza Member. Dec 4, 8, Brazil. Dualshock 4 is a beast.
Oct 25, 22, Thats insane that wireless is faster than wired for the PS4. HomerSimpson-Man Member. Oct 30, 2, Holy cow the DS4 Bluetooth.
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