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What are the three main type of lipids? What are the three main types of stress in rock? What are the three main types of stress in a rock? The three main types of chemical bonds are? What are the three main types of fossil fuels? Trending Questions. What is a type of chart used to show the relationship or proportion of parts to a whole.? Still have questions? Robert Hook first discovered cells in Different cell types can look wildly different, and carry out very different roles within the body.
For instance, a sperm cell resembles a tadpole, a female egg cell is spherical, and nerve cells are essentially thin tubes. Despite their differences, they often share certain structures; these are referred to as organelles mini-organs. Below are some of the most important:. There is normally one nucleus per cell, but this is not always the case, skeletal muscle cells, for instance, have two.
The nucleus sends out messages to tell the cell to grow, divide, or die. The nucleus is separated from the rest of the cell by a membrane called the nuclear envelope; nuclear pores within the membrane allow through small molecules and ions, while larger molecules need transport proteins to help them through.
To ensure each cell remains separate from its neighbor, it is enveloped in a special membrane known as the plasma membrane. This membrane is predominantly made of phospholipids, which prevent water-based substances from entering the cell. The plasma membrane contains a range of receptors, which carry out a number of tasks, including being:. The cytoplasm is the interior of the cell that surrounds the nucleus and is around 80 percent water; it includes the organelles and a jelly-like fluid called the cytosol.
Many of the important reactions that take place in the cell occur in the cytoplasm. Both lysosomes and peroxisomes are essentially bags of enzymes. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down large molecules, including old parts of the cells and foreign material. Peroxisomes contain enzymes that destroy toxic materials, including peroxide.
The cytoskeleton can be considered the scaffolding of the cell. It helps it maintain the correct shape. However, unlike regular scaffolding, the cytoskeleton is flexible; it plays a role in cell division and cell motility — the ability of some cells to move, such as sperm cells, for instance.
The cytoskeleton also helps in cell signaling through its involvement in the uptake of material from outside the cell endocytosis and is involved in moving materials around within the cell. The endoplasmic reticulum ER processes molecules within the cell and helps transport them to their final destinations. In particular, it synthesizes, folds, modifies, and transports proteins. The ER is made up of elongated sacs, called cisternae, held together by the cytoskeleton.
There are two types: rough ER and smooth ER. Once molecules have been processed by the ER, they travel to the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi apparatus is sometimes considered the post office of the cell, where items are packaged and labeled. Once materials leave, they may be used within the cell or taken outside of the cell for use elsewhere. Often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria help turn energy from the food that we eat into energy that the cell can use — adenosine triphosphate ATP.
However, mitochondria have a number of other jobs, including calcium storage and a role in cell death apoptosis. Ribosomes read the RNA and translate it into protein by sticking together amino acids in the order defined by the RNA. Our body is constantly replacing cells. Cells need to divide for a number of reasons, including the growth of an organism and to fill gaps left by dead and destroyed cells after an injury, for instance. Mitosis is how most of the cells in the body divide.
Log in. Earth Sciences. See Answer. Best Answer. Study guides. Q: What types of work do cells perform? Write your answer Related questions. The three main types of work that cells perform? What are three main types of work that cells perform and gives examples of each?
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Why are cells the building block of life? Layers of closely-related cells that work together to perform specific tasks?
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