Additionally, age can have an effect: Differences are found in the symptoms experienced, how long they last, how strong they are and what effect they have. Adolescent symptoms of adjustment disorders can be more behavioral, such as acting out. Adults who experience adjustment disorders exhibit more depressive symptoms. There are six subtypes of adjustment disorder that are based on the type of major symptoms experienced. The following are the most common symptoms of each of the subtypes of adjustment disorder.
However, each adolescent may experience symptoms differently:. Adjustment disorder with anxiety. Symptoms may include:. Adjustment disorder with anxiety and depressed mood.
A combination of symptoms from both of these conditions are present. Adjustment disorder with mixed disturbance of emotions and conduct. A combination of symptoms from all of the above subtypes is present depressed mood, anxiety and conduct. Adjustment disorder unspecified. Reactions to stressful events that do not fit in one of the above subtypes are present.
Reactions may include behaviors like social withdrawal or inhibitions to normally expected activities, like school or work. The symptoms of adjustment disorders may resemble other medical problems or psychiatric conditions. A child and adolescent psychiatrist or a qualified mental health professional usually makes the diagnosis of an adjustment disorder following a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation and interview with the child or adolescent and their parents.
A detailed personal history of development, life events, emotions, behaviors and the identified stressful event is obtained during the interview. Individual psychotherapy using cognitive-behavioral approaches. Your doctor will ask about your medical, mental health and social history.
The DSM-5 lists six different types of adjustment disorders. Although they're all related, each type has unique signs and symptoms. Adjustment disorders can be:. How long you have signs and symptoms of an adjustment disorder also can vary. Many people with adjustment disorders find treatment helpful, and they often need only brief treatment. Others, including those with persistent adjustment disorders or ongoing stressors, may benefit from longer treatment.
Treatments for adjustment disorders include psychotherapy, medications or both. Psychotherapy, also called talk therapy, is the main treatment for adjustment disorders. This can be provided as individual, group or family therapy. Therapy can:. Medications such as antidepressants and anti-anxiety drugs may be added to help with symptoms of depression and anxiety.
As with therapy, you may need medications only for a few months, but don't stop taking any medication without talking with your doctor first. If stopped suddenly, some medications, such as certain antidepressants, may cause withdrawal-like symptoms. Resilience is the ability to adapt well to stress, adversity, trauma or tragedy — basically, the ability to bounce back after experiencing a difficult event. Building resilience may vary from person to person, but consider these strategies:.
It may help you to talk things over with caring family and friends, receive support from a faith community, or find a support group geared toward your situation. Both feelings associated with depression and anxiety are exhibited during this type of adjustment disorder. Excessive spending, reckless driving, and irrational behaviors characterize the disturbance of conduct associated with this type of adjustment disorder.
A person diagnosed with this type of adjustment disorder has symptoms from every type of adjustment disorder, including anxiety, depression, and behavioral problems. This type of adjustment disorder presents with unclassified symptoms not associated with the other types of adjustment disorders.
People experiencing this type may have physical symptoms, issues with family and friends, social issues, and problems at school or work. Someone diagnosed with an adjustment disorder can have a variety of mental and physical health symptoms.
People may also withdraw from daily activities, have a hard time focusing, and suddenly lack confidence. Symptoms of an adjustment disorder typically occur within 3 months of the event, and rarely last longer than 6 months after the event or stressor has ended or been removed. There are a variety of stressful events that can cause an adjustment disorder. In adults, it might be:. We all experience life differently, so what causes an adjustment disorder in one person may not cause it in another.
How we handle stress and our ability to process and cope with difficult situations greatly affects whether we develop an adjustment disorder or not. If you or someone you know is having trouble coping with a significant life event, help is available. You can begin by talking with someone you trust and finding emotional support through friends and family. You can also talk with your family doctor, if you have one.
They might be able to refer you to a mental health professional that can provide services in-person or online. But learning how to process and cope during times of stress can help you learn to deal with and be resilient. Also, having a plan for the unexpected can help lessen the stress and increase your ability to cope during critical life events.
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